Embedding Censorship Resistance into the Protocol: Who Decides Whether an Ethereum Transaction Can Be Included On-Chain?
- Censorship resistance in Ethereum is a technical capability rather than a political stance.
- After a transaction is sent, it enters the mempool before being included in a block.
- The PBS (Proposer-Builder Separation) system was introduced to mitigate MEV-related centralization risks.
- Over 90% of Ethereum blocks are produced by a few specialized Builders, raising centralization concerns.
- Inclusion Lists are proposed to ensure validating nodes retain some authority over transaction processing.
In the blockchain world, censorship resistance is often misunderstood as a political concept, but it is fundamentally a technical capability for networks like Ethereum. When a transaction is initiated, it enters the mempool, but its inclusion in a block depends on the actions of Builders and Proposers.
The introduction of the PBS system aimed to separate the roles of transaction ordering and block construction, addressing the risks of economic monopolies created by large staking pools. However, this has led to a concentration of block-building power among a few Builders, who may be influenced by external pressures, raising concerns about centralization.
To counteract this, Ethereum researchers have proposed Inclusion Lists, allowing validating nodes to retain some authority over which transactions must be processed, ensuring a fair chance for all valid transactions to be included in a block within a reasonable timeframe.
将抵制审查嵌入协议：谁决定以太坊交易是否可以上链？
在区块链世界中，抵制审查常常被误解为政治概念，但对于像以太坊这样的网络来说，它基本上是一种技术能力。当交易发起时，它进入待处理池，但是否能被包含在区块中取决于构建者和提议者的行为。
PBS系统的引入旨在分离交易排序和区块构建的角色，解决大型质押池造成的经济垄断风险。然而，这导致了少数构建者之间的区块构建权力集中，可能受到外部压力的影响，增加了中心化的担忧。
为此，以太坊研究人员提出了包含列表，允许验证节点在处理哪些交易上保留一定的权力，确保所有有效交易在合理时间内有公平机会被包含在区块中。