Embedding Censorship Resistance into the Protocol: Who Decides Whether an Ethereum Transaction Can Be Included On-Chain?
- Censorship resistance in Ethereum is a technical capability rather than a political stance.
- After a transaction is sent, it enters the mempool before being selected and included in a block.
- The introduction of the PBS system in Ethereum aims to prevent large staking pools from monopolizing transaction ordering.
- Currently, over 90% of Ethereum blocks are produced by a few specialized Builders, leading to centralization risks.
- Ethereum researchers proposed Inclusion Lists to allow validating nodes to retain some authority over transaction processing.
In the blockchain world, censorship resistance is viewed as a specific technical capability for networks like Ethereum rather than a political concept. When a user initiates a transaction, it enters the mempool, but whether it gets included in a block depends on the selection and ordering by Builders.
Following Ethereum's upgrade to Proof of Stake, the Proposer-Builder Separation (PBS) system was introduced to mitigate the risks of economic monopolies created by large staking pools. This system separates the roles of Builders, who construct blocks, and Proposers, who submit candidate blocks to the network.
However, this division has led to a concentration of block-building power, with over 90% of blocks produced by a few Builders. These Builders are vulnerable to external pressures, which can lead to selective filtering of transactions, posing a risk of censorship.
To address these issues, Ethereum researchers have proposed Inclusion Lists, allowing validating nodes to maintain some authority over which transactions must be processed, thus enhancing the network's censorship resistance capabilities.
将抗审查能力嵌入协议：谁决定以太坊交易是否可以上链？
在区块链领域，抗审查能力被视为以太坊等网络的一种特定技术能力，而非政治概念。当用户发起交易时，该交易进入待处理池（mempool），但是否能被包含在区块中取决于构建者的选择和排序。
在以太坊升级到权益证明后，引入了提议者-构建者分离（PBS）系统，以减轻大型质押池造成的经济垄断风险。该系统将构建区块的角色与提交候选区块的角色分开。
然而，这种分工导致了区块构建权力的集中，超过90%的区块由少数构建者生产。这些构建者容易受到外部压力，从而可能导致交易的选择性过滤，构成审查风险。
为了解决这些问题，以太坊研究人员提出了包含列表，允许验证节点保留对必须处理的交易的部分权力，从而增强网络的抗审查能力。