Embedding Censorship Resistance into the Protocol: Who Decides Whether an Ethereum Transaction Can Be Included On-Chain?
- Censorship resistance in Ethereum is a technical capability rather than a political stance.
- After a transaction is sent, it enters the mempool before being included in a block.
- Ethereum's transition to Proof of Stake introduced a separation of roles between Builders and Proposers.
- Over 90% of Ethereum blocks are produced by a small number of specialized Builders, leading to centralization risks.
- Ethereum researchers proposed Inclusion Lists to give validating nodes authority over transaction inclusion.
In the blockchain world, censorship resistance is often misunderstood as a political slogan, but for Ethereum, it is a technical necessity. When a user initiates a transaction, it enters a public transaction pool known as the mempool, but remaining unconfirmed can lead to questions about who decides which transactions are included in a block.
Ethereum's upgrade to Proof of Stake has led to a separation of roles in transaction processing, with Builders collecting and ordering transactions, while Proposers select and submit blocks. This division aims to mitigate the influence of large staking pools and maintain decentralization in block proposal.
However, the concentration of block-building power among a few Builders poses risks of censorship, particularly if they filter out transactions related to sensitive contracts. To address this, Ethereum researchers have proposed Inclusion Lists, allowing validating nodes to retain some authority over which transactions must be processed, thus enhancing the network's censorship resistance.
将抗审查能力嵌入协议：谁决定以太坊交易是否可以上链？
在区块链世界中，抗审查能力常被误解为政治口号，但对于以太坊而言，这是一种技术必要性。当用户发起交易时，交易会进入一个称为待处理池（mempool）的公共交易池，但未确认的状态可能引发关于谁决定哪些交易被包含在区块中的问题。
以太坊向权益证明（Proof of Stake）的升级导致交易处理角色的分离，构建者负责收集和排序交易，而提议者则选择和提交区块。这一分工旨在减轻大型质押池的影响，维护区块提议的去中心化。
然而，少数构建者之间的区块构建权力集中带来了审查风险，特别是当他们过滤掉与敏感合约相关的交易时。为了解决这一问题，以太坊研究人员提出了包含列表，允许验证节点保留对哪些交易必须处理的部分权力，从而增强网络的抗审查能力。